反板层角膜移植的临床应用研究

Clinical study of reversed lamellar keratoplasty

目的 探讨反板层角膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变、Terien's角膜变性及对眼化学伤急救处理的疗效。方法 大泡性角膜病变 2 0眼 ,Terrien's角膜变性 12眼 ,眼化学伤 10眼 ,术中切除病变的角膜板层组织 ,同时将甘油冷冻保存的反板层角膜植片复水 ,将处理后的植片后弹力层向上 ,粗糙的基质层向下 ,用 10 - 0尼龙线间断或连续缝合 ,植片的直径较植床大 0 .5～ 1.0 m m。结果 除 1眼 (化学伤 )发生排斥反应外 ,其余 41眼反板层植片在术后一段时间内 (2～ 4wk)经历不同程度的水肿阶段后 ,都能与植床紧密贴合 ,随访 1～5 a,植片保持半透明甚至透明状态。其中大泡性角膜病变 2 0眼疼痛症状完全消失 ;12例 Terrien's角膜变性中 11眼术后4wk视力明显改善 (视力表检查提高 2～ 3行 ) ;10例眼化学伤中 4眼视力明显改善 (视力表检查提高 2～ 3行 )。结论 反板层角膜移植可成功应用于治疗大泡性角膜病变、Terrien's角膜变性及眼化学伤的急救处理 ,疗效满意。

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of reversed lamellar keratoplasty for bullous keratopathy, Terrien's marginal degeneration and ocular chemical burns.Methods Twenty eyes of patients with bullous keratopathy, twelve eyes with Terrien's marginal degeneration, ten eyes with chemical burns were recruited in this study.Diseased tissues were removed by means of dissection.Reversed lamellae corneal tissues which had been prepared by cryopreservation were thawed and rinsed. Then the prepared posterior corneal lamellae was turned over, endothelium facing upwards. The diameter of the graft should be 0.5~1.0mm larger than that of the recipient bed. The reversed donor posterior lamellae was sutured into the host keratectomy bed with 10 0 nylon sutures continuously or interruptedly.Results Allograft reaction episode occurred only one (chemical burn) of the total 42 eyes enrolled.The grafts of the rest 41 eyes maintained clear or semitransparent for 1~5 years. Graft edema could be observed within 2~4 weeks postoperatively. Postoperative interface separation was not found. For all 20 patients with bullous keratopathy, the symptoms of pain disappeared. The visual acuity improved 2~3 lines of Snellen among eleven of twelve patients with Terrien's marginal degeneration. The visual acuity improved 2~3 lines of Snellen with four patients with chemical burns.Conclusion The technique of reversed lamellar keratoplasty can be applied successfully for tectonic reconstruction of corneal surface such as bullous keratopathy, Terrien' s marginal degeneration and also chemical burns.The effects of therapy was satisfactory.