北京市未婚人工流产女青年避孕知识、态度、行为的调查研究

A survey on contraceptive knowledge, attitude and behavior among never-married young women who are seeking pregnancy termination in Beijing

目的 研究未婚人工流产 (人流 )女青年的避孕知识、态度、行为以及影响避孕行为的因素。方法 以Lawrence的Procede Proceed健康促进计划模式为基础的调查问卷 ,对 30 6例自愿要求人工流产 ,年龄在 1 8～ 2 4岁的未婚女青年进行横断面的调查。结果 近 1 2个月以来 ,仅有 1 3%的女青年坚持每次性行为都使用避孕方法 ,偶尔使用和从未使用者的比例分别为 2 6 %和 2 7%。在 2 2 4例曾经用过避孕方法的女青年中 ,最常用的方法分别是避孕套 ( 4 9% )、体外排精 ( 2 8% )、安全期( 1 6 % )。在从未使用任何避孕方法的女青年中 ,73%认为没想到会怀孕是最主要的不避孕的原因。logistic逐步回归分析显示 ,女青年对避孕知识的了解 ,对意外妊娠风险的认识 ,男友对避孕方法使用的态度 ,与男友讨论避孕方法 ,对避孕服务可及性的感受是影响女青年既往避孕行为的主要因素。结论 亟需对未婚青年开展有关避孕知识的性教育 ,提高对意外妊娠风险和人工流产并发症的认识 ,促进男性积极参与避孕 。

Objective To identify contraceptive knowledge, attitude, behavior and its determinants among never married young women who have unwanted pregnancy in Beijing. Methods A cross sectional study under adoption of Lawrence ‘Procede Proceed’ model, was conducted in China in 1999. Three hundred and six unmarried young women aged 18 to 24, requesting for pregnancy termination were interviewed in person. Results Findings of this study indicated that only one eighth (13%) of the young women insisted on contraceptive use every time, and almost an equal proportion ( 26.4 %, 26.8 % respectively) occasionally or never using contraceptives. Among 224 women who ever used contraceptives during the past 12 months, condom (49%) ranked the first place followed by withdrawal ( 27.7 %) and the rhythm method ( 15.6 %). One of the most important reasons, cited by 73 percent of women who had never used contraceptives, was that they were not aware of the risk of pregnancy when engaging in sexual activities. The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that knowledge about contraception, boyfriend's approval of contraceptive use, perceived the risk of getting pregnancy, perceived availability of contraceptive service and discussion of contraception with boyfriend were important indicators of young women's behavior on contraceptive use. Conclusion These results indicated an urgent need to develop sex education about contraception among young women and men, through enhaning perception about risk of unwanted pregnancy and complications of induced abortion among young women, and to promote men's co operation and participation in contraceptive use as well as strengthening communication on contraception between young women and their partners.