南戏体制变化二例

Two Illustrations on the Development of Nanxi System

南戏体制从宋元到明中叶 ,逐渐发生变化并趋于整饬。今人依据常见的元明南戏 (传奇 )剧本 ,以为从元代开始 ,南戏开场形式已经十分简练扼要 ,一概由末念诵一至二首词 ,这是一个误解。只是到了万历时期 ,文人创作讲求文采格律 ,才固定为简要的一词或二词形式。从南戏到传奇剧本 ,逐步走向分“出” ,开始时“折”“出”“节”“套”皆用 ,宣德年间正式分“出” ,嘉靖年间开始列“出”“目” 。

Grawing changes and the tendency of rictification can been found in the Nanxi from the Song-and-Yuan Dynasties to the middle of the Ming Dynasty.It is a misunderstanding that it is nowadays concidored,in the light of the commonly-seen scripts of the Nanxi(Romance)in Yuan-and-Ming Dynasties.the opening of the play was already very brief and concise,starting from Yuan Dynasty,which was read by Mo(a character)down to the beginning of the play itself.As a matter of fact,one-or-two-word introductory remarks hadn't been introduced until Wanli period in the Ming Dynasty,in which,men of letters pursued rhyme scheme and literary grace.As time passed on,the script of play,pom Soustern play to Romance,was coming into being sectioned unto differen't'pieces'.At the start of this division,'act','piece','section'and'series'had aiternalively been used .Before it tended to be established after Wanli Period,of the above mentioned sections,'dramaic piece'came formally into being in Xuande Period,while'section'started to be used in Jiajing Period.