山地土地类型的结构分析与优化利用——以陕西秦岭山地为例

Structural Analysis and Optimal Use of Land Types in Mountainous Regions ——Taking Qinling Mountains of Shaanxi Province as an Example

山地土地类型的多样性及其结构格局的序列性特征明显 ,相应地呈现出土地类型在空间、数量和质量等 3个方面的基本格局型式。格局分析能够揭示土地类型结构与功能的异质性及其有序性 ,从而为全面认识土地类型群体的生态属性与其演替规律提供重要的理论依据 ,同时为土地利用优化配置的实践提供科学指导。以陕西秦岭山地为例 ,进行了土地类型的结构分析 ,并根据山地类型结构格局的空间层次性、结构多级性和功能多元性的特点 ,提出了不同空间尺度下山地土地利用配置的模式及其优化利用方案。

Taking northern slope of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province as an example, This paper puts forward structural multiclass,functional multivariate and spatial arrangement of land type patterns based on systematic analysis of the spatial, quantitative and qualitative structures of land types, and completes the designs of optimal allocation models and schemes of land use in Qinling Mountains The conclusions are as follows: (1) The differentiation of land types in mountainous areas has its own spatial and temporal speciality In spatial dimension, with the change of altitude, the altitudinal differentiation of land types is formed, which represents different zones in a series; in temporal series, owing to the continuous change of natural environment and the influence of human economic activities, a reversible successive series in land use has been produced The speciality in space and time provides a theoretic foundation for the optimal allocation of land use in mountainous areas (2) Structural patterns obviously represent how different kinds of land types combine and their comparison in quality and quantity, which involves three kinds of structures, namely spatial, qualitative, quantitative structures The analysis of structural patterns can disclose the heterogeneity and orderliness of land types in structure and function, and then bring forward theoretical foundation for the design of allocation models in mountainous land use (3) The physical zonality, vulnerability in environment, multilevel and complexity of landscape determine the necessity and speciality in land use optimal allocation based on mountainous land structural patterns The optimal allocation of mountainous land use ought to obey the theories of landscape ecology and sustainable development, comprehensively analyze its ecological suitability in present land use, suitability of land types and scientific decision making in ecological design of mountainous land use, and advance the ecological model and measures to optimize the structure and layout in mountainous land use (4) The optimal allocation model of land use, in some sense, generalizes and describes systematic structural characteristics and functional attributes of mountainous land use In spatial dimension, it consists of three models in detail, namely macro regional, meso industrial and micro operational models The solution of optimal allocation is the concrete representation of the optimal allocation model in mountainous land use, which, virtually, is the optimization of industrial land use structure and layout, and is suitable and practical in mountainous land use Its implementation, however, ought to be brought into all round and special layouts of regional land use, get the support of the economic and social factors including investment, technology and labor as well as conversion of ethical ideology in land use