广东鹤山赤红壤坡地林茶利用模式的水土保持效应

EFFECT OF THE SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION OF FOREST AND TEA BUSH UTILIZING PATTERNS ON CRIMSON SOIL SLOPELAND IN HESHAN, GUANGDONG

野外观测试验于 1997年在广东省鹤山茶叶科技研究所的赤红壤坡地上进行。试验设计了人工林下地表覆盖 (A)、人工林下地表裸露 (B)、等高梯田种植茶树 (C)和等高梯田裸地对照 (CK) 4个处理 ,采用自制的径流收集器分别测定了各处理 4场降雨的径流深度、径流系数、水土流失量和侵蚀量等指标。结果表明 ,CK的平均径流深度为 3 72mm/10mm ,降水流失率为 37 2 % ,平均每 10mm降雨的土壤侵蚀量为 43 6kg·hm-2 ,年土壤侵蚀模数为 7 42t·hm-2 ;其它 3个不同植被覆盖处理的地表径流量比裸地对照降低 2 2 0 %～ 6 7 0 8% ,平均土壤侵蚀量减少43 81%～ 90 83% ;林下地表覆盖处理的保土效果最好 ,等高梯田种植茶树处理的保水效果最好。

A field experiment was conducted on the crimson soil slope land in the Heshan Tea Science and Technology Institute, Guangdong Province in 1997. There were four treatments on the hillside: artificial forest with underbrush (A), artificial forest without underbrush (B), planting tea bush on contour terrace (C), barren on contour terrace (CK). The runoff depth, runoff index, water loss, soil erosion and soil organic matter erosion to the 4 treatments during 4 rainfalls were determined by using the Runoff Collector. It was found that, for the control treatment(CK) the average runoff depth was 3 72mm per 10mm, the water loss index was 37 2%, the average soil erosion was 43.6 kg·hm -2 ·10mm -1 , and the soil erosion modulus was 7 42 t·km -2 ·a -1 , which are all high in the 4 treatments. For the other three treatments (A,B,C), the surface runoff and the average soil erosion amount were 2 20%-67 08% and 43 81%-90 83% lower than those of the control, respectively. The most effective pattern for soil conservation was the artificial forest with underbrush treatment, and the best water conservation pattern was the treatment of planting tea bush on contour terrace.