基于遥感的呼伦贝尔盟农牧业土地利用变化及其对地区农业持续发展影响的研究

A Research on the Change of Agricultural Land Use and Impact on Rural Sustainable Agricultural Development in Hulunbeier Distract Based on the Remote Sensed Data

随着人口的增长， 人类活动对土地利用／土地覆盖变化的影响越来越大， “人口－资源－环境”问题越来越突出，因此，土地利用／土地覆盖变化的研究尤为重要。本文利用１９８６年和１９９６ 年两期陆地卫星ＴＭ 数据， 分析探讨了呼伦贝尔盟近十年来农牧业土地利用数量变化及其区域差异，并通过计算耕地重心，分析了近十年来呼伦贝尔盟耕地的空间变化规律， 在此基础上进一步探讨了呼伦贝尔盟农牧业土地利用变化对地区农业持续发展的影响。结果表明： 十年来， 呼伦贝尔盟农牧业土地利用变化很大， 耕地面积大幅度增加，草地与未利用地面积减少；农牧业土地利用变化空间差异非常明显，导致十年来呼伦贝尔盟耕地重心向西北方向移动３３．１５ ｋｍ ， 耕地生态环境发生了显著变化； 呼伦贝尔盟耕地面积大幅度增加， 对合理开发利用耕地资源， 促进地区农业持续发展起到了积极的作用。

By the remote sensed data (TM 1∶250000) in 1986 and 1996, the agricultral land use change and the regional differences in Hulunbeier Distract were discussed and analyzed. Further, the spatial change law of the arable land use in Hulunbeier District was analyzed by calculating the change of the gravity center of the arable land in the past ten years. On the basis of the results, the impact of land use change on rural agricultural sustainable development was discussed in the respect of economic effects, ecological effects and social effects. The result indicates:\;(1) The agricultural land use changed rapidly in the past ten years. The arable land increased and the grassland decreased.\;(2) The spatial change of the agricultural land use is also very notable; the gravity center of arable land moved 33.15km towards northwest.\;(3) The arable land use change in the past ten years is very useful to reasonable land use and rural agricultural sustainable development of Hulunbeier District.