开发区建设中的土地开发利用问题与对策

Question and Countermeasures of land Development in the Construction of Developing Regions in China

中国拥有国家级开发区１２９ 个， 省级开发区５８４ 个， 累计规划面积约８ ０００ ｋｍ ２， 开发面积约１ ５００ ｋｍ ２。本文在开发区典型调查研究的基础上， 简述了中国开发区具有类型丰富、数量多、规模大和呈沿海、沿边、沿江集中布局态势的基本特征。总结了开发区土地开发以新征新占农用地为主， 以旧城区改造为辅； 以占用大量耕地为主， 以开发利用各类荒山、荒地为辅； 以先征、先占（圈地） 后再用为特色； 用地面积大， 容积率小等四个方面的现状特点。归纳了开发区有耕地开发、旧城改造、海涂及海岛开发和荒地荒山开发四个类型。分析了开发区存在着规划布局不合理、耕地闲置、土地出让价格偏低和管理混乱等方面的问题。提出了全面规划、合理布局； 依法统一管理开发区各类建设用地； 改变经济增长方式， 提高土地利用率和产出率的对策。

There are 129 developing regions of country's level and 584 of provinces' level in China. Their total planning area is about 8 000 km\+2 and their developed area is about 1 500 km\+2. This paper briefly narrates the basic characteristics of Chinese developing regions as abundance of sorts, largeness in quantity and scale, centralized distribution along the sea, boundary and rivers; further summarizes their characteristics in the land development, which are taking expropriating the agricultural as their principal part with re construction of old cities as the second choice; taking impropriating the arable land as its principal part with developing all kinds of desolate mountainous areas and desolate land as the second choice; firstly expropriating then beginning to develop and taking the expropriated area large and using efficiency small as its characteristics. It concludes the four sorts of developing regions: development of arable land, re construction of old cities, development of intertidal zone, islands and desolates mountainous areas and lands. It analyzes the arising problems of irrationality of layout, leaving arable land unused, remising price low and management confusedly, and finally puts forward the countermeasures of managing uniformly the construction land of developing regions, changing the quomodo of economical increase and improving the efficiency of use and output of land.