海水养殖鱼类细菌性疾病研究概况

A REVIEW OF PRINCIPAL BACTERIAL DISEASES OF MARICULTURE FISH

本文概述性地介绍了发生在海水养殖中的常见细菌性疾病包括弧菌病、链球菌症、卡诺氏菌症、细菌性肾病、巴斯德氏杀菌症、爱德华氏症、滑走细菌症和杀鲑气单胞菌症等的主要症状、流行情况及病原菌特征。通过遗传育种筛选有抗病力的养殖品种是人们正在努力的方向，目前的研究重点主要在鱼类抗病能力方差分析研究及抗病育种的方法研究。免疫接种是提高养殖鱼类对某一特定性病原菌的最有效的方法，目前已有三十多种菌苗上市。通过使用免疫刺激剂提高鱼类的非特异性免疫力已显示一定的应用前景。虽然抗菌素由于存在抗药菌株和鱼体残留，但它仍是目前对细菌性病疾病的常规疗法，而海洋藻类提取物对细菌的抑制作用已被人们所认识，它将会成为一种有潜力的抗菌药物。

The most important bacterial diseases including Vibriosis, streptococciosis, nocardiosis, bacterial kidney disease (BDK), Pasteurellosis, Edwardsiellosis and gliding bacterial diseases, encountered in the rapidly developing mariculture industry are described. To reduce the outbreaking of fish disease, the most effective method can only be the development of natural disease resistance in fish, and the focus of the problem is the variance analyzing of the disease resistance ability and the studying of selection. Vaccination of cultured fish for control of specific bacterial disease is now a common practice, and the use of immunostimulsnts may be an effective means of increasing the immune competency and disease resistance of fish. Though more and more bacteria become resistant to them, The usual antibiotics are still the most effective medicine to cure the bacterial diseases of cultured fish at present. The antibacterial activity of some marine alga against aquacultural bacteria show that alga may act as antibacterial medicine in future aquaculture.