热区特种部队军事噪声危害的现场调查研究

A SPOT INVESTIGATION ON THE HAZARD OF MILITARY NOISE IN TROPICAL SPECIAL TROOPS

目的 :了解热区军事噪声对特种部队人员的影响 ,为综合防治措施研究提供科学依据。方法 :( 1)对坦克乘驶员 ( 2 5人 )与从事微波 ( 33人 )、雷达通讯 ( 33人 )人员常规作业 1h前、后的听力进行测试 ;( 2 )对军校学员、坦克乘驶员与电子对抗部队中从事微波和雷达通迅人员共191人 ,382耳的听力进行调查。在热区部队现场采用TypeTA152型电听力计测定被检者 0 .2 5、0 .5、1、2、4、6、8kHz的气导听阈。结果 :( 1)作业 1h后 ,各频率的听阈值均有不同程度的增加 ,尤以坦克乘驶组最为明显 ,雷达通讯组次之 ,微波组增加为最小 ,其增值范围分别为 :12 .4～ 14.4dB、4 .7～ 6.4dB和 2 .2～ 4 .0dB。 ( 2 )不同作业人员的听力调查结果 :在低频、语频听力损失较小 ;高频 ,特别是 6kHz时坦克乘驶人员的听力损失最重。学员、微波、雷达和坦克组的听力损失检出率分别为 3.8%、2 3.4 %、39.7%和 4 4 %。结论 :军事噪声对特种部队的听力均有影响 ,尤其坦克噪声对听力影响最大 ,听力损伤程度最严重 ,累及人数最多 ,应采取有效防护措施。

Objective:To explore the influence of the hazard of military noise on special troops in southern area, so as to provide a scientific basis for the research of synthetic measures of prevention and treatment. Methods:(1)Auditory tests before and after 1 h-work in 25 tankmen, 33 personnel engaged in microwave job and 33 radarmen were carried out;(2)The hearing of 191(382 ears) military students, tankmen and soldiers of electronic countermeasuring troops(microwave personnel and radarmen) were investigated too. Type TA 152 electro-acoumeter was used to determine the auditory threshold of air conduction at 0.25, 0.5, 1,2,4,6 and 8 kHz levels.The investigation was performed in tropical military field.Results:(1)The auditory threshold after 1 h-work in tankmen, radarmen and microwave personnel were all increased, particularly in tankmen. The increasing ranges were 12.4～14.4 dB,4.7～6.4 dB and 2.2～4.0 dB respectively;(2)There were varying degrees of hearing loss in students, microwave personnel, radarmen and tankmen. The detection rate of hearing loss were 3.8%,23.4%,39.7% and 44.0% respectively. The results indicated less hearing loss at low and voice frequency but greater hearing loss at high frequency, especially at 6 kHz for tankmen. Conclusion:There were varying effects of military noise on the hearing of special troops, especially on that of tankmen, whose hearing loss was the most severe and common, so some protective measures should be adopted for them.