植物中冰冻引起的脱水伤害及其保护措施

Freeze induced Dehydration Injury and Protective Approaches in Plants

冰冻脱水造成的伤害是植物所遭受的最严重的伤害 ,它导致原生质膜的破裂、片层相位到HⅡ 相位的相变及断裂突跃伤害 ,其中最受关注的是HⅡ 相位的形成。植物为防止冰冻脱水引起的伤害 ,采取众多的对策 ,如过冷却、膜脂组成的改变以及许多耐冻基因的表达。耐冻基因的表达及其调控机理是目前植物低温生理学中最重要的课题。

Freeze induced dehydration injury is most servious among those plants suffer from during freezing stress. Freeze induced dehydration results in expansion induced lysis, lamellar to H Ⅱ phase transition, and fracture jump leison in plasma membranes. Some approaches are carried out to protect themselves against freeze induced dehydration injury, such as supercooling, changes in membrane lipids, and expression of freezing tolerant genes. The expression of freezing tolerant genes and their expression regulation is now most important topics in plant cryophysiology. Plant molecular biology and biological engineering will put an end to freeze induced dehydration injury in plants.