劳动力市场分割与大学毕业生失业

Segmentation of Labor Market and Graduate Unemployment

具有大学以上学历者占我国全部劳动者的比例非常低 ,但最近几年大学毕业生找工作却有越来越难的趋势。这种看似矛盾的现象是转型过程中劳动力市场分割这一制度背景下 ,大学毕业生与用人单位相互搜寻的结果。过大的城乡收入差距和过高的工作转换成本 ,使大学毕业生“宁要城里一张床 ,不要农村一幢房”,但城里的用人单位却因过高的解聘成本和户口成本而不能吸收更多的大学毕业生。因此 ,大学毕业生就业难的缓解和解决 ,要依赖经济发展 。

The rate of labor with high education to the total labor force is very low in China However, it is now difficult for the graduate to find a satisfactory job. This phenomenon is connected with the segmentation of labor market which affects the job search behavior of the graduate and employer. The income inequality between rural and urban areas and the high cost of job changing make graduate prefer urban to rural areas, while the employer in the urban area cannot absorb so many graduates, because they face high cost of firing and Hukou. So the system reform as well as economic growth is necessary for the solution to the problem of graduate unemployment.