三种饲料对异色瓢虫和龟纹瓢虫的饲喂效果

Effect of Three Diets on Development and Fecundity of the Ladybeetles Harmonia axyridis and Propylaea japonica

比较了 3种饲料 (米蛾卵、赤眼蜂蛹和桃蚜 )对异色瓢虫和龟纹瓢虫发育和生殖力的影响。在瓢虫生长发育全过程中 ,分别用 3种饲料饲养的结果表明 ,取食米蛾卵的两种瓢虫在低龄幼虫期即全部死亡 ;取食赤眼蜂蛹或桃蚜的瓢虫 6 5 2 %～ 84 6 %均能羽化成虫 ,性比无差异 ;但取食赤眼蜂蛹的瓢虫 ,其幼虫和蛹的发育历期较取食桃蚜的显著延长 ,羽化的成虫体重也显著较轻。在瓢虫不同生长发育期 (幼虫期和成虫期 )喂饲不同饲料 ,对成虫产卵能力有明显的影响 :幼虫期用赤眼蜂蛹、成虫期用赤眼蜂蛹或米蛾卵作饲料的瓢虫都不能产卵 ;幼虫期用桃蚜、成虫期用赤眼蜂蛹或米蛾卵作饲料的亦不能产卵 ;幼虫期用赤眼蜂蛹、成虫期用桃蚜作饲料的瓢虫能产少量的卵 (2 2 1粒 ) ;幼虫期和成虫期全部用桃蚜作饲料产卵较多 (40 4粒 )。研究表明 ,米蛾卵不适于饲养这两种瓢虫 ;桃蚜饲养瓢虫的效果最好 ;桃蚜供应不足时 。

Effect of rice moth (Corcyra cephalonica) eggs, Trichogramma pupae developed in perny silkworm (Antheraea pernyi) eggs and green peach aphids (Myzus persicae) on the development and oviposition ability of Harmonia axyridis and Propylaea japonica were studied. Results of rearing ladybeetles with same kind of diet during their whole development period (larval and adult stage) showed that, larvae of both H. axyridis and P. japonica died in early larval instars when fed on rice moth eggs. Adult yield rate was 65.2%-84.6% when larvae fed on Trichogramma pupa or peach aphid diet and no difference in sex ratio was observed. But both larval and pupal durations of ladybeetles were significantly longer than those fed on peach aphid and body weight of the newly emerged female adults was significantly lowered. Oviposition ability of P. japonica was significantly influenced when different diets were used during their larval and adult stages. Female P. japonica could not lay eggs when larval stage fed on Trichogramma pupae and adult stage on Trichogramma pupae or rice moth eggs, or larval stage on peach aphids and adult on Trichogramma pupae or rice moth eggs. Larval stage fed on Trichogramma pupae and adult stage on peach aphid could lay 221 eggs per female. Female beetles fed on peach aphid both in larval and adult stages laid significantly more eggs (404 eggs per female). It can be concluded that rice moth egg is not suitable for both H. axyridis and P. japonica rearing, green peach aphid is the best choice as diet for mass rearing these ladybeetles. And Trichogramma pupa developed in perny silkworm can be used as supplementary artificial diet for rearing larval stage of the ladybeetle when aphid supply is not sufficient.