海洋鱼类的生长与发育生物学研究与苗种培育

The Biological Studies of Growth and Development as well as Larval Rearing in Marine Fishes

鱼类生长与发育生物学是海洋鱼类苗种培育的理论基础，近年来鱼类生长与发育生物学取得的研究进展为改善海洋鱼类苗种培育提供依据，主要的研究进展是：阐明调控鱼类生长的脑－脑垂体－肝脏轴的各种激素分泌活动和作用机理，促进海洋鱼类生长激素释放和提高生长率；海洋鱼类幼苗生长发育的形态学与生理学特征及对饵料的消化吸收；海洋鱼类幼苗生长发育所需要的营养物质；促进鱼类苗种对饵料摄取与消化吸收的饵料添加剂；环境条件对海洋鱼类苗种利用营养物质和生长的影响等．目前所取得的进展还只限于少数几种海洋养殖鱼类，许多基本理论问题尚未充分闸明．今后，为配合海洋鱼类养殖和增殖的发展，必需系统深入研究各种重要海洋养殖鱼类的生长与发育生物学，并在此基础上建立苗种培育新技术。

The fish growth and developmental biology is the theoretical bases of larval rearing in marine fishes. Recent advances in fish growth and developmental biology provided fundaments for the improvement of larval rearing in marine fishes. The major advances are: elucidated the secretion and action of the hormones from the brain-pituitary-liver axis which control the growth of fish, promoted growth hormone (GH) release and enhanced growth rate in marine fishes; the morphological and physiological characteristics of larval growth and development in marine fish as well as digestion arid absorption of diet; the essential nutrients of marine fish larvae during growth and development; the application of dietary supplements to facilitated ingest and digest of diets in marine fish larvae; the effect of environmental factors on the utilization of nutrients and growth in marine fish larvae, etc. The advances up till the present moment are confined to few cultured marine fish, a great deal of fundamental theories are remained to be further investigation. In future, in order to coordinate the development of proliferation and culture of marine fish, the deeply and systematic research of growth and developmental biology in the major cultured marine fishes are necessary, and then establish new techniques of larval rearing based on these research.