日光温室采光面三效率计算模式及其优化选择研究

Study on the Caculating Models of Three Efficiencies for the Surfaces of the Sun-Light Greenhouse and the Selection of the Best

本文针对日光温室常见的３种采光面（圆弧面、椭圆面和抛物面），给出了各自采光效率、土地使用率和保温效率（简称三效率）的理论计算模式，并通过分析得出，各个高效采光面上的采光效率均随纬度增加而降低，随距冬至的日数而增加，随作物高度而降低，随高跨比增加而增加．在三种采光面中，无论时间、地点、高跨地和种植高度怎样变化，均以圆弧面的采光效率为最高，椭圆面次之，抛物面最低．另一方面，从土地使用效率来看，椭圆面最高，但它的保温效率最低．因此，采光面形状的选择应因使用对象而宜．本文给出了最佳选择建议．

In this paper, to the general three surfaces (Circle, Ellipse and Parabola) of the greenhouse, the light, land utilizing and warmth-keeping efficiencies caculating models are given. Through analysing it also indicates that all the three surfaces' light efficiencies decrease according to the increase of the latitudes, decrease to days to the winter solstice, decrease to the planting height and increase to the ratio of the height and span of the greenhouse. In the three surfaces, the highest light efficiency is circle's, next one is the Ellipse's, no matter what the changes of time, place and ratio of height and span are. In another side, the land utilizing efficiency of Ellipse surface is the best, but the warmth-keeping efficiency of it is the lowest. So what the surface should be selected must be on the basis of what to be needed. This paper has given the best suggestion.