水稻籽粒灌浆特性及其与籽粒生理活性的关系

Grain Filling Characteristics of Rice and Their Relationships to Physiological Activities of Grains

研究了 6个水稻品种 (组合 )的籽粒灌浆特征及其与籽粒生理活性的关系。籽粒充实较好的武育粳 3号和 95 16,强、弱势粒灌浆趋于同步 ,强、弱势粒的起始灌浆势 (R0 )、最大灌浆速率 (Gmax)、平均灌浆速率 (G)以及达到最大灌浆速率的时间 (Tmax)差异较小。籽粒充实较差的扬稻 4号、汕优 63、PC311/早献党 18和 PC311/ IR36,强、弱势粒灌浆表现为异步 ,强势粒的 R0 、Gmax和 G明显大于弱势粒。灌浆初期弱势粒中的可溶性糖含量明显高于强势粒 ,淀粉含量强势粒高于弱势粒。强势粒和籽粒充实好的品种 (组合 ) ,灌浆初期籽粒中的生理活性 (玉米素 +玉米素核苷和亚精胺含量、淀粉合成酶活性 )高 ,弱势粒和籽粒充实差的品种 (组合 )则相反。灌浆前期籽粒生理活性与 R0 、Gmax、G、谷粒充实率和粒重等均呈极显著的正相关。始穗期喷施 6- (卞基 )腺嘌呤 ,灌浆初期籽粒生理活性和粒重提高 ,喷施亚胺环己酮 ,籽粒生理活性和粒重降低。

The grain filling Characteristics of 6 rice cultivars (combinations) and their relationships to the physiological activities of grains were studied. For the cultivars with good grain plumpness of Wuyujing 3 and 9516, the filling processes of superior and inferior grains were synchronous. The difference between superior and inferior grains was small in terms of the initial filling power (R 0), the maximum filling rate (G max ), the mean filling rate (G) and the time reaching the maximum filling rate (T max ). For the cultivars (combinations) with poorer grain plumpness of Yangdao 4, Shanyou 63, PC311/Zaoxian dang 18 and PC311/IR36, the filling processes of superior and inferior grains were asynchronous, and R 0, G max and G of superior grains were larger than those of inferior ones. The content of soluble sugars was obviously higher and starch content was much lower in inferior grains than in superior ones at early grain filling stage. The physiological activities of grains (PAOGs) (content of zeatin + zeatin riboside and spermidine, starch synthase activity) were higher in superior grains and for the cultivars with good grain plumpness than in inferior grains and for the cultivars (combinations) with poorer grain plumpness. PAOGs at early grain filling stage were very significantly correlated with R 0, G max , G, filled grain percentage and grain weight. PAOGs at early filling stage and grain weight were increased after spraying N 6 (benzyl) adenine at the initial heading, and the results were reversed when cycloheximide was applied. The results suggest that PAOGs manipulate the grain filling rate and grain plumpness.