大豆高光效品种(种质)选育及高光效育种再探讨

DEVELOPMENT OF SOYBEAN CULTIVARS(GERMPLASM) WITH HIGH PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICENCY(HPE) AND REDISCUSSION OF BREEDING FOR HPE

通过对高光效种质哈 79- 94 4 0、哈 82 - 7799及高光效品种黑农 3 9、黑农 4 0、黑农 4 1的光合特性、主要形态农艺性状、产量和选育程序的描述 ,对与高光效育种相关密切的单叶光合速率与产量关系及高光效育种目标、程序和方法进行再探讨。结果如下 :1.大豆生殖生长期单叶光合速率与产量呈正相关。单叶光合速度仍然是高光效育种重要指标之一。 2 .大豆高光效育种目标是选育高产和超高产、优质、抗病新品种 (种质 )。我们把在某一生态区生态类型基础上 ,具有较大光能截获能力、光能高速传递能力、高光能转化效率、高光合速率和高RuBP羧化酶活性、并具有光合产物在籽粒中高比例分配、持续较长光合时间等综合水平定义为理想光合生态型。 3 .高光效育种体系包含创造变异途径。

The relationship between single leaf photosynthetic efficiency and grain yield, the breeding objectives and the procedure and methods of breeding for HPE were rediscussed in this paper based on the description of photosynthetic properties, major agronomic traits, yield and breeding process of high photosynthetic efficiency germplasms, Ha79-9440, Ha82-7799 and cultivars, Heinong 39 and Heinong 40. The results are as follows. There is a positive correlation between single leaf photosynthetic efficiency and yield at reproductive stages. Single leaf photosynthetic efficiency is still an important objective of breeding for HPE. HPE is a major way for developing new cultivars(germplasm) with super high yield, good quality, disease resistance and ideal ecotype. Ideal ecotype is defined comprehensively having greater capacity of obtaining sunlight, higher transferring efficiency, higher single leaf photosynthetic rate and RuBP Case activity, greater proportion of photosynthate to seeds, longer photosynthetic duration and nitrogen fixation ability. Breeding system for HPE is that: creating variation, of which, inducing and sexual crossing were mainly used at present; selecting variants effectively with combination of traits diagnosing and instrument measuring. Leaf weight per unit and ecotype are mainly selected in earlier generations and in later generations, photosynthetic rate,yield and resistance are major objectives of selecting. The procedure of yield test is the same as that in the traditional breeding. Photosynthetic physiological targets are photosynthetic efficiency and RuBP Case activity. Reasonable population structure and better soil condition are necessary conditions for yield potential expressing of the cultivars with HPE.