株洲市生活污水污染特征研究

Study of the Pollution Features of Domestic Sewage in Zhuzhou City

在一年中 ,分 4个季度 (每季度 3天 ,每天 4次 )对株洲市区具有代表性的 4个不同地点的生活污水水质进行了监测 .结果表明 :生活污水中的主要污染物是 BOD5 和 Inorg-P;污染物浓度有明显的时空变化规律 ,中午和傍晚前后的浓度较高 ,早晨和半夜则较低 ,冬、春季节的污水污染物浓度皆高于夏、秋两季 ,居民、餐饮业密集区的污水中污染物浓度显著高于商业区和混合区 ;污水中氮、磷主要以无机盐形式存在 ;目前株洲市生活污水排放量与主要工业污染源废水年排放量相当 ,CODcr、BOD5 总排量均高于后者 ,因此生活污水对湘江的污染压力不容忽视 ;该生活污水的可生化性 ( BOD5 / CODcr)较好 ( 0 .4～ 0 .7) ,COD/ T-P的比值多在 3 0以下 ,有利于生物除磷 ,因此采用生化处理法可以收到良好的净化效果 .

The water quality of domestic sewage in Zhuzhou City was monitored at 4 different positions for one year (4 seasons per year, 3 days per season and 4 times per day).The monitoring results show that BOD 5 and Inorg P were two main pollutants in domestic sewage and that with the alteration of sampling time and sampling site, concentrations of pollutants in domestic sewage changed in a certain pattern.Firstly, the pollution level in noon and dusk was higher than that in morning and midnight;Secondly,in winter and spring, the domestic sewage contained more pollutants than the other two seasons;Thirdly,the domestic sewage from the site containing thick population and restaurants was polluted more seriously than that from the business quarter and mixed parts.Over 60% of total nitrogen and phosphorus in domestic sewage existed in the form of inorganic salts;At present, there is no evident difference in annual production between domestic sewage and industrial wastewater from the primary pollution sources and meanwhile,the total quantity of BOD 5 and CODcr in domestic sewage has been larger than that in industrial wastewater.So,the pollution pressure from domestic sewage on Xiangjiang River should not be ignored.Higher biodegradability (BOD 5/CODcr)and suitable CODcr/T P value in domestic sewage of Zhuzhou City indicated that biological purification would eliminate this kind of pollution effectively.