油松无性系开花物候特点的研究

Studies on Flowering Phenology of Clones in Pinus tabulaeformis Seed Orchard

在河南卢氏油松种子园对 4 6个无性系结实初期和结实盛期开花物候作了观测。结果表明 ,一般雌球花可授期比雄球花散粉期来得早 ,持续时间长 ,散粉期含在可授期内 ;散粉期和可授期同步性较好 ;在不同年份开花始期前后相差 2～ 3d,开花始期早晚与当年≥ 10℃的活动积温有关。由于受花期温度和降雨等因素的影响 ,不同年份花期长短可相差 10 d左右 ,但不存在花期不遇 ;不同无性系在开花物候上存在很大差异 ,但在不同年份各无性系在始花时间上序次则相对稳定 ,无性系内分株间开花物候仅有 1～ 2 d的差异 ;位于树冠北向的雌雄球花各日期在开花频率上与其它 3个方位有较大差异 ,始花期推后 1d左右。此外 ,还研究了开花物候对同步指数的影响 。

The observation was carried out on the flowering phenology in the initial period and abundant cone period for 46 clones in Pinus tabulaeformis seed orchard located in Henan Province. The differences of flowering phenologies among clones, among ramets within a clone, at different positions within a crown were described, the relationship of flowering phenologies of the same clones in different years were analyzed. The female strobili opened earlier, and ended later than male strobili as well. Receptivity of female strobili lasted for a longer time than male strobili shedding, the receptivity appeared to coincide with the pollen shedding. In different years, 2～3 days differences existed for the flowering time, the flowering time was related with the actively accumulative temperature with more than and equal to 10 ℃. The lasting period showed about 10-day difference for lasting time of flowering period in different years. In the different years, there was big difference in flowering time for different clones, but the sequence of the flowering time for different clones was relatively consistent, the flowering time showed 1～2 day difference for different ramets within a clone. There was big difference in flowering frequency of different dates between strobili facing north and these facing other three directions, strobili facing north opened 1-day later than these facing other three directions. In addition, the relationship between flowering phenology and synchronization index, and differences of pollinated efficiency for different flowering phenology types were discussed.