儿童颌面部创伤470例临床分析

Maxillofacial injuries in 470 children under 14 years of age

目的：通过对４７０例创伤病例的回顾性分析，探讨儿童颌面创伤的特点。方法：选取我院连续颌面部创伤住院病例中１４岁以下（包括１４岁）的儿童创伤病例，进行伤员性别分布、致伤原因、损伤部位、治疗方法等方面的分析研究。结果：男３３５例，女１３５例，男女之比为２．５：１。前３位致伤原因是：坠落（２８．５％）、交通事故（１７．０％）、锐器刺割（１．０％）。软组织伤多见于龈、颊、唇、颏部，下颌骨是最常见的硬组织损伤区（占５５．１％）。骨折治疗仍以闭合外固定、观察等保守方式为主。结论：①男孩比女孩更易遭受颌面部创伤；②儿童多因意外坠落致伤；③下颌骨骨折最常见。软组织伤多见于龈、颏、唇、颊。

Objective:To investigate the causes, characteristics and treatment of maxillofacial trauma in children. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 470 consecutive maxillofacial records of the patients not older than 14 years was conducted. Data regarding age, gender, cause, anatomic site and treatment were reviewed. Results:Most of the patients were mals(335 cases, 71.3% ), with a male and female ratio of approximately 2. 5;1 of the injuries, 28. 5% were due to accidental falls, 17.0% traffic accidents and 10.0% sharp implementt cutting. Injuries of soft tissue often occurred on gingiva, cheek, lip and chin. Mandibuir fratures were the most common (55.1% ) of all bone fractures. Conservative therapy, such as closed reduction surgery, maxillomandibular fixation, was usually performed. Conclusion: ①Boys are more tendent to be victims of maxillofacial trauma than girls. ②Falls are the first cause of child victims. ③Gingiva, chin, lip, check and mandible are the most commonly injuried sites.