美国加州水资源开发管理历史与现状的启示

Water Resources Development and Management in California： Historical and Present View

从历史和现实的角度综合介绍了美国加利福尼亚州水资源开发和管理中涉及的一些问题，如：水利工程多样化的产权特征；区域水行政机构在地区水事务中所发挥的重要作用；合理有效的统一调度水利工程；为解决水量问题而进行的地表水地下水的联合调度；强调生态环境保护的绝对优先地位等等除此以外，还主要介绍了其成熟的水权体系、活跃的水权交换以及不健全的水市场，并对其有创造性的“干旱水银行”加以了着重介绍最后基于这些问题，提出了几点思考。

This paper comprehensively presents some problems encountered in the water resources development and management in California of U．S．A from the historical and present view， such as，the diverse ownership forms of the water related projects， the important effects of the regional water administrative institutions， the effective unified dispatch of the water related projects， the conjunctive operation of surface and ground water，the priority of environmental and ecological protection and so on．In addition，the matured water rights system， the active water exchanges and the unestablished water market together with the “Water Bank”are introduced as well． Based on these problems， the authors give some opinions and suggestions， and hope these to be useful for the water resources development and management in China．