人工关节无菌性松动界膜中的免疫反应

The immunologic reactions in interface membranes of aseptic loosened prostheses

目的 探讨人工关节无菌性松动界膜的免疫反应状况及其与无菌性松动的关系。方法 对 9例人工关节无菌性松动界膜标本进行组织学观察 ,并行 T淋巴细胞及其亚群 (CD 3、 CD 4、 CD 8)、 IL－ 2受体 (CD 25)、巨噬细胞 (CD 68)及组织相容性抗原 (HLA－ DR)的免疫组织化学染色，观察 T淋巴细胞的表达情况及其与炎症反应的关系。结果 所有界膜标本中均可见肉芽肿性组织，有大量的巨噬细胞和异物巨细胞浸润，其中 5例 T淋巴细胞数量增加， T淋巴细胞及其亚型的分布大致相同，且 3例 T淋巴细胞呈现 IL－ 2R阳性。 T淋巴细胞的增加及 IL－ 2受体阳性的 T淋巴细胞的表达与巨噬细胞、 HLA－ DR的表达和炎症反应程度有一定的相关性。结论 在部分假体周围存在着针对假体材料的超敏反应，并且可能是导致假体无菌性松动的原因之一。

Objective To investigate the immunologic reactions around prosthesis and the relationship between immunologic reactions and aseptic loosening. Methods Nine specimens of bone- implant interface membranes obtained during revision of loosened total joint replacements were examined in order to investigate the evidence of hypersensitivity. T lymphocytes and it's subgroup (CD 3, CD 4, CD 8),macrophages (CD 68),IL－ 2 receptor (CD 25) and HLA－ DR antigens were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry on tissue sections. The relationship between the changes of T lymphocytes and inflammatory reactions was also evaluated. Results Histological examinations showed granuloma with a plenty of macrophages and foreign body giant cells in all sections of interface membranes. The number of T lymphocytes increased in five of nine cases, and three of them expressed IL－ 2 receptor. The distribution of T lymphocytes and subpopulations was similar in all cases. The increase of T lymphocytes and IL－ 2 receptor expression showed positive correlation with an increase of macrophages and inflammation reactions. Conclusion Hypersensitivity to the prosthetic materials can exist after total joint replacement. Hypersensitivity may be one of the reasons of prosthetic aseptic loosening.