1[1]Drinder Ck,Drinker KR,Lurid CC.The circulation in the mammalian bone marrow.Am J Physiol,1922,62:1-92.
2[2]Tocantins LM,ONeill JF,Jones HW.lnfusions of blood other fluids via the bone marrow:applications in pediatrics.JAMA,1941,117:1229-1234.
3[3]Sawyer RW,Bodai BI,Blaisdell FW,et al.The current status of intraosseous infusion.J Am Coll Surg,1994,179(3):353-360.
4[4]Neufeld JD,Marx JA,Moore EE,et al.Comparison of intraosseous,central,and peripheral routes of crystalloid infusion for resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock in a swine model.J Trauma,1993,34(3):422-428.
5[5]Calkins MD,Fitzgerald G,Bentley TB,et al.Intraosseous infusion devices:a comparison for potential use in special operations.J Trauma,2000,48(6):1068-1074.
6[6]Macnab A,Christenson J,Findlay J,et al.A new system for sternal intraosseous infusion in adults.Prehosp Emerg Care,2000,4(2):173-177.
7[7]Kentner R,Haas T,Gervais H,et al.Pharmacokinetics and pharmacod-ynamics of hydroxyethyl starch in hypovolemic pigs; acomparison of peri-pheral andintraosseous infusion. Resuscitation,1999,40(1):37-44.
8[8]Brickman KR,Rega P,Schoolfield L,et al.Investigation of bone developme ntal and histopathologic changes from intraosseous infusion.Ann Emerg Med,1996,28(4):430-435.
9[9]Bielski RJ,Bassett GS,Fideler B,et al.Intraosseous infusions:effects on the immature physis-an experimental model in rabbits.J Pediatr Orthop,1993,13(4):511-515.