腹腔粘连患者腹腔镜术闭合法建立气腹方法探讨

CLOSED ESTABLISHMENT OF PNEUMOPERITONEUM IN PATIENTS WITH PERITONEAL ADHESION IN LAPAROSCOPY

目的探讨腹腔粘连患者腹腔镜术闭合法建立气腹的方法，总结其成功的经验及内脏损伤的教训。方法 对我院 １９９１年 ９月至１９９９年９月 ８年间 ６ ６００例腹腔镜术中 １０４６例腹腔粘连患者闭合法建立气腹的经验进行回顾分析。把建立气腹困难分为真性困难及假性困难两种。因气腹针穿入腹腔脏器或因腹腔广泛粘连导致气体弥散障碍者为真性建立气腹困难，需中转开腹；因气腹针位置错误如位于腹膜外脂肪层、肝圆韧带或网膜内引起者为假性建立气腹困难，经调整气腹针位置均能满意建立气腹。结果 １０４６例患者中 １０２８例成功用闭合法建立气腹（９８．３％）。 ６例因真性建立气腹困难，１２例因假性建立气腹困难而中转开腹。除２例内脏损伤经剖腹探查治愈外．无其它与闭合法建立气腹有关的并发症发生。结论腹腔粘连患者闭合法建立气腹安全可行。缺乏自信、经验不足、误把假性建立气腹困难当作真性建立气腹困难而中转开腹是腹腔镜术中腹腔粘连患者闭合法建立气腹失败的主要原因。

Objective To investigate the way of closed establishment of pneumoperitoneum (CEPP) in patients with peritoneal cavity adhesion in laparoscopy, and to sum up the successful experience and the lesson of visceral injury. Methods CEPP experiences of 1 046 cases of peritoneal adhesion were retrospective analysed in 6 600 cases laparoscopy in our unit from September 1991 to September 1999. The difficulty of establishment of pneumoperitoneum was classified as real difficulty in establishment of pneumoperitonum (RDEPP) and false difficulty in establishment of pneumoperitonum (FDEPPD). RDEPP was due to Veress needle penetrating into viscera or peritoneal extensive adhesion in peritoneal cavity, and CO2 air flowing into difficulty. FDEPP was due to veress needle penetrating into extraperitoneum fat, round hepatic ligament or larger messentry. The formal situation required conversion to open laparotomy, and the latter situation could establish pneumoperitoneum successfully by regulating the Veress needle direction or penetrating depth in second penetration. Results in this group 1 046 patients, 1 028 cases (98. 3% ) had been established pneumoperitoneum successfully by way of CEPP, 6 cases of RDEPP and 12 cases of FDEPP required open laparotomy. No complication related to CEPP had been found in this group except two cases visceral injury cured by laparotomy and repairment. Conclusion CEPP in patients with peritoneal adhesion is safe and feasible in laparoscopy. The main reason of CEPP failure is regarding FDEPP as RDEPP due to deficiency of experience and confidence of laparoscopist.