滨海围垦地客土施肥方法对鲜食玉米的增产效应

Effect of foreign soils-applying methods on the yield improvement of fresh-eating corn in coastal saline soil

通过对滨海围垦荒地客土培肥和引种鲜食玉米试验 ,着重探讨不同客土材料与基肥施肥方法对鲜食玉米主要农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明 ,通过客土 (赤土或海沙 )降低了土壤含盐量和 p H值 ,改善了土壤的理化性质 ,改善了不耐盐碱的鲜食玉米的生长环境 ,增产显著。海沙防盐效果优于赤土 ,客沙后土壤较疏松 ,有利于玉米根系和地上部生长 ,但保肥能力差 ,生长后劲不足 ;赤土的 p H值低 ,有机质含量较海沙高 ,根系和茎秆生长适中 ,生长后劲较足 ,有利于玉米后期灌浆。在基肥施用方法相同时 ,赤土客土的产量更高。基肥穴施效果优于撒施 ,滨海围垦地客土后 ,土壤速效养分有所下降 ,基肥穴施改善了土壤养分环境 ,促进玉米生长 ,达到增产的目的。

Effect of foreign soil materials and basal fertilizing methods on the main agronomic characters and yield of fresh\|eating corn was conducted in coastal reclaimed land.The results showed that,the application of foreign sandy soil or red soil decreased the salt content and pH in the soil,improved soil physi\|chemical characters,ameliorated the growing environment of saline\|sensitive fresh\|eating corn,thus significantly increased the yield.Application of sea sand received better saly\|removing efficiency than that of red soil.After applying sea sand,the soil became loose and facilitated the growth of root system and upground part of corn plant.However,the fertilizer\|conserving capacity of the soil was poor.The delayed effect on the growth of corn plants was also poor.The pH value of red soil was low,but its OM content was higher than that of sea sand,it had a better delayed effect and facilitated the late milking period of corn plant.Under the same basal condition,application of red soil to the saline coastal land received higher yield than that of sea sand.Applying basal fertilizer in caves got better effect than fertilizer broad casting way.