关羽和刘渊——关羽形象的形成过程

Guan Yu and Liu Yuan —— Guan Yu’ s Character Development

《三国志平话》中有以下描写：汉帝外孙刘渊把晋怀帝抓获，处死在刘禅庙前，并以此祭祖。不久，晋国灭亡，刘渊即汉帝之位，全书至此告终。这与《三国志演义》的结局有所不同。 刘渊是五胡十六国之汉的建国者，在北齐·魏收的《魏书·匈奴刘聪传》中有所记载 (刘聪为刘渊的儿子 )。唐·房玄龄等的《晋书》中有传。通过比较研究可以看出，《三国志平话》的结尾是根据《晋书》编写的。《晋书》有两、三种建安坊刻的宋元刊本存世。但是，《三国志平话》的“编者”不仅仅是依据《晋书》，还依据以《晋书》等改编的《资治通鉴》乃至《通鉴记事本末》编写了《三国志平话》的结尾部分。 《三国志平话》的“编者”还从《晋书·刘元海 (刘渊 )载记》中把龙神的因素加到关羽的形象中。起初，关羽和刘渊的形象是表里一体的关系。在《晋书》的刘渊形象中，以发现玉玺这一情节为关键，早已被注入了陈寿的《三国志》和裴松之注中的关羽形象。归根结底，刘渊的须及爱读《春秋左氏传》的因素从关羽形象中袭出，而关羽的龙神因素则从刘渊形象中获得。

The ancient Chinese classic“ San Guo Zhi Ping Hua” ends with a story that the Jin Dynasty ended and Liu Yuan became the new Han Emperor.The Han Emperor’ s descendant Liu Yuan,captured the Jin Emperor.Huai Di,and executed him in front of the Liu Chan Temple to offer a sacrifice to his ancestors.Please note that this ending is different from that of the“ San Guo Zhi Yan Yi” (the General History of the Three Kingdoms). Liu Yuan was the founder of the Han Dynasty during the“ Five Tribes and Sixteen States” period,as discussed in the“ Wei History· Xiongnu Liu Cong Biography” (Liu Cong was Liu Yuan’ s son)edited by Wei Shou in North Qi Dynasty.The issue is also discussed in“ Jin History” edited by the scholar Fang Xuan- ling in the Tang Dynasty.According to the comparative study,the ending of“ San Guo Zhi Ping Hua” is based on the“ Jin History” (There are two or three editions of“ Jin History” that were published by Jian An publishors in Song and Yuan times).However,the editing of“ San Guo Zhi Ping Hua” was based not only on“ Jin History” ,but also on“ Zi Zhi Tong Jian” (the General Appreciation of National Management)and“ Zi Zhi Ji Shi Ben Mo” (the Whole Course of the Memorandum of the General Appreciation),both of which had been edited out of the original version of“ Jin History” The editor of the“ San Guo Zhi Ping Hua” also borrowed a character of the God of Dragon from“ Jin History· Liu Yuan Hai(Liu Yuan)Zai Ji” and incorporated it into the image of Guan Yu.Originally the Guan Yu and Liu Yuan’ s characters are almost depicted as one character’ s two sides.The character of Liu Yuan in“ Jin History” which concerns Guan Yu in“ San Guo Zhi” (the History of the Three Kingdoms)written by Chen Shou and annotated by Pei Song Zhi.In a word,Liu Yuan’ s long moustache image and his hobby of reading“ Zuo Zhuan” (the famous commentary by Zuo Chiu Ming on The Spring and Autumn Annals)were factored from Guan Yu’ s character,while Guan Yu’ s characteristics of the God of Dragon was borrowed from Liu Yuan.