青海省湟水地区森林灌丛植被遥感分析及其主要特征

Remote sensing interpretation and its characteristics of the forest and shrub vegetation in Huang Shui area,Qinghai Province

湟水地区地处黄土高原和青藏高原过渡带 ,界于北纬 36°0 2′～ 37°2 8′,东经 1 0 0°41′～1 0 3°0 4′之间。海拔 1 650～ 4395m,总面积为 1 61 2 0 km2。本研究根据卫星遥感影像资料 (以TM为主 ) ,结合以往野外调查工作 ,研究并综合分析了湟水地区的森林、灌丛植被及其主要特征。森林灌丛植被的遥感解译采用综合分析法。研究表明湟水地区森林灌丛植被具有明显的生态地理分布特征 ,其分布多集中于黄土低山丘陵与中高山地形结合地带 ,即黄土覆盖的边缘交错区域。这一空间分布特征可能与本区的黄土覆盖边缘地区的多样化生态地理特点存在一定的联系。生境的干湿状况直接影响本地区天然林的分布特征、森林灌丛植被覆盖率的高低、森林的类型结构和种类组成 ,并成为人工造林效果的重要环境因素。本区森林灌丛植被长期受到人类活动的深刻影响 ,具有人类活动的明显痕迹。人类活动的规模范围、作用方式、影响强度等因素成为本区森林灌丛植被及其生境变化与差异的重要原因之一。

Huang Shui area lies the transition zone between Loess Plateau and Qinghai Xizang Plateau,located in 36°02′-37°28′N,100°41′-103°04′E,alt.1 650-4 395 m.The total area is 16 120 km 2.Based on the analysis of remote sensing image and field investigation,we studied the forest and shrub vegetation in the Huang Shui area,Qinghai Province.The comprehensive method are explained the interpretation of the forest and shrub vegetation in the region.Our results show that the forest and shrub vegetation in Huang Shui area have the obvious eco geographical distribution characteristics.The vegetation are mainly distributed on the connection region between the loess hills and mountains.This region belongs to the border of loess cover.The characteristics of the vegetation distribution has the relationships with the diversified eco geographical conditions of the loess cover border.The distribution characteristics,the vegetation coverage,the functional structure and the species composition of the natural forest and shrub vegetation are affected directly by the dry and wet situations of the habitats in the region.The habitat condition is the improtant ecological factor of man made forest.The human activities produce a great impact on the forest and shrub vegetation in this region.The scope,the way and the strength of the human activities in the region become one of the improtant reasons which made the forest and shrub vegetation and the habitat condition be changing and different.