烤烟增香气增单叶重增上等烟及其栽培调制技术研究

Cultivation measures and curing techniques for enhancing aroma,weight per leaf and high class leaf of flue-cured tobacco

为提高烟叶整体质量 ,采用内外结合、专题研究与大面积应用相结合的方法 ,对烟叶“三增”(增香气、增单叶重、增上等烟 )进行了研究。结果表明 ,贵州烤烟香型齐全 ,香型变化与海拔高度有一定关系。烟叶香气质以尚好至好为主体 ,香气量以足至充足为主体。烟叶香吃味与N化合物含量关系密切 ;优质烟适度单叶重 ,下部叶组 5～ 8g ,中上部叶组 5～ 11g为宜 ,其化学成分含量适宜 ,比例谐调 ,烟气质量上乘 ;一烟株有 80 %以上叶片能形成上等烟 ,主要部位是腰叶及上下二棚。而相应的“三增”栽培调制技术措施则为 :优选良种 ,营养施肥、密度合理、大田管理、打顶除芽、成熟采收、低温保湿 ,把好定色关 ,控制干筋温度 ,必备烤房设备 。

Studies on the quality of flue cured tobacco from Guizhou showed that:aroma types were complete and their changes were relevant to elevation;major quality of aroma was between middle and high,main volume of aroma was among enough and quite enough,the aroma and taste of tobacco leaf were intimately related to the content of nitrogen compounds;appropriate weight per leaf was associated with leaf area and weight per unit area;the appropriate ranges of weight per leaf,in which content and proportion of chemical composition were moderate and smoke quality was high,should be 5-8 g for lower leaves,5-11 g for middle and upper leaves.Experiments also showed that high class leaf was an important appearance quality and that 80% leaves of single plant could reach high class leaves.Cultivation measures and curing techniques enhancing quality were suggested.