西部开发中的泥石流问题

Problems of debris flows in development of the west China

西部地区的青、甘、陕、川、滇、黔、新、藏、宁、桂、内蒙和重庆等１２个省区市内都有泥石流分布，已查明的泥石流沟计１５５００余条，受泥石流危害或威胁的县级及以上政府驻地城镇逾百座，一场泥石流致死百人以上的灾害点达２３个。泥石流及其灾害是西部大开发中必须面临的生态环境问题之一。城市建设、公路和铁路等交通建设、水利建设、西气和西电东送工程建设等西部大开发的重点领域，在开发建设中都将要遇到泥石流问题，吸取以往这类建设中抗御泥石流灾害的经验与教训，对于减轻泥石流灾害和保障西部大开发顺利进行具有现实意义。

The west of China includes 12 provincial districts: Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Ningxia, Guangxi, Nei Monggol and Chongqing. It has turned into the most seriously hazardous region since the Quaternary due to the changes in geological tectonic and environment. Debris flows broadly distributed in the territory, amountting to 15500 gullies, threatening more than 100 towns and counties, occurring at thousands locations every year. By records, there were 23 sites where a single occurrence of debris flow made death number over hundred. Many attempts have been devoted to the prevention of debris flows during the constructions in the region. Great successes were accompanied by failures. Similar problems are to be encountered in the present development, especially in constructions of cities, highways, railroads, hydraulic institutions, gas and electric transports, as well as reconstruction of ecology. Countermeasures of mitigation and evasion of the disasters are proposed in this paper: (1)Estimating the potential hazards and environment; (2)setting up ecology system and utilizing nature resources; (3)Properly treating mine waste and (4)Enforcing the control of debris flow in important regions.