法医学中的性别鉴定

Sex identification in forensic medicine

对用形态学、细胞学、性激素检测、 DNA重组技术和聚合酶链式反应（ PCR）等方法进行性别鉴定进行了概述，显示骨骼的性别鉴定以形态学方法为好；对能获得足够量基因组 DNA的人体组织，最好用 PCR检测牙釉基因。而检测性染色质因阳性率较低，检测性激素仅适用于血痕检材， DNA分子杂交技术需要复杂的仪器及放射性同位素标记的探针，这些方法目前已较少应用。

The methods of morphology, cytology, sex hormone detection, DNA recobination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were described for sex identification. It was summarized that the morphology is better for skeleton identification; the amelogenin detection is most suggestible for the human tissues from which, enough quantity of genomic DNA is available. While sex chromatin examination gives only lower positive rates. The examination of sex hormone only be used for bloodstain sample.Because of the requirement of complex instruments and radio－ labeled probe, DNA molecular hybridization is now rarely used.