三个生态区小麦株型的比较分析

A Comparative Study on Plant Type of Wheat in Three Ecological Regions

在辐射资源差异较大的三个生态区:四川盆地,长江下游,河西走廊设点试验。以适应于当地的小麦品种(系)为材料,调查了冠层结构,光辐射量分布,产量与籽粒成分,据此分析灌浆期中能量供求关系并讨论不同生态条件下的合理株型。结果表明:上述三地区在不出现灌浆高峰期自然辐射不敷灌浆需能量的条件下,产量潜力只能依次稳定在400、360、600kg/亩。超过这一定水平进行高产育种,当注意改良株型。叶水平角随灌浆进程由直立——水平——倒垂的动态变化是缓解灌浆高峰期能量供需矛盾的株型性状。

Several genotypes of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ) were planted in a 3-replicated, randomized block layout at 3 sites in the 1987-1988 crop season. The three sites represented three ecological regions, Chengdu for the Sichuan Basin, Nanjing for the lower Yangtze valley, and Huangyang town for the Hexi Corridor, Gansu Province. Comparisons were made between plant types, canopy structures, vertical distribution of solar radiation in crop canopies, yield capacity, yield components and co m-positions of grain in the 3 ecological types of wheat. Energy supply and requirement during the grain filling period were studied, too. When the energy requirement for grain filling was satisfied by solar radiation, the grain yield could reach 400 kg/mu and 360 kg/mu in the Sichuan Basin and the lower Yangtze valley, respectively. Advances in yield the capacity could be attained with the establishment of a dynamic model of leaf horizontal angle from 90° to -90°. Solar radiation in the Hexi Corridor is richer than in the lower Yangtze valley and the Sichuan Basin, so the yield ability could reach 600 kg/mu, and the erect leaf type could adapt to this ecological region.