毒鼠强中毒的诊断与处理

Diagnosis and treatment of tetramine poisoning

毒鼠强为一种对人、畜具有剧烈毒性的灭鼠剂 ,简称四二四 ,俗称没鼠命、一扫光。政府明令禁止使用。水中溶解度低 ,不易降解。大鼠LD50 为 0 1～ 0 3mg/kg ,为氰化钾的 10 0倍。毒作用主要表现为兴奋中枢神经系统 ,具有强烈的致惊厥作用。绝大多数中毒病例均由于误食或自服毒鼠强污染的食物所致。急性中毒的主要表现为四肢抽搐、惊厥、昏迷。多因强直性惊厥导致呼吸衰竭而死亡。毒鼠强中毒至今尚无特效解毒剂。治疗原则 :尽早彻底清除毒物 。

Tetramine,a rodenticide,was strictly forbidden to use in China,the LD 50 in rats is 0 1mg/kg,that means the toxicity is as high as about 100 times than that of cyanides.Most poisoning cases were caused by polluted foods.The major clinical manifestations were epilepsia and coma,etc.It still has no special antidote so far.The principles of treatment were elimination of the poison,control of epilepsia,and various support measures.