全新世气候变化与长江三角洲史前文化兴衰

Holocene Climatic Change and Rise and Fall of Prehistoric Civilization in the Yangtze River Delta

来自长江三角洲的薛城遗址和金坛三星村遗址的孢粉和植物硅酸体鉴定或地球化学分析结果表明,长江三角洲史前文化的兴衰与全新世气候变化有一定的耦合关系。薛城遗址相当于马家浜文化晚期,它是南京地区发现最早的新石器遗址,新仙女木冰期之后,该区进入明显的持续增温时期,直至全新世高温期,持续较长时期的暖湿气候使该区新石器文化得以发展。金坛三星村新石器遗址相当于马家浜文化中期至崧泽文化中期,崧泽文化是在暖湿气候条件下出现和繁荣的,但在5500a BP之后,气候极为冷干,加上当时人类活动剧烈,自然植被破坏比较严重,导致崧泽文化发生中断。

The pollen, phytolith and geochemistry analysis results of the Xuecheng Neolithic relics and the Sanxing-cun Neolithic relics in the Yangtze River Delta show the relationship between the rise and fall of prehistoric cultural and climatic change. The Xuecheng Neolithic relics is the earliest Neolithic site in the Nanjing region. After Younger Dryas, temperature rose continuously till the Holocene Hypsithermal. The climate was sustained, which made the Neolithic culture developed. The Sanxincun site spanned from the middle stage of the Majia-bang culture to the middle stage of the Songze culture. Prior to 5000 a BP, the climate was humid and warm. Nevertheless, at the end of the Songze culture, the climate became cold and dry, and the natural environment was severely damaged. At that time the Songze culture vanished.