覆膜穴播旱地冬小麦一次性应急补水增产技术及机理研究

Study on Technique and Mechanism of Yield Improvement by Single Contingency Supplementary Irrigation in Film-Mulching Spot-Sowing Rain-Fed Winter Wheat

3年试验表明 ,干旱严重时对覆膜穴播旱地冬小麦进行一次性应急补水 ,可明显地缓解干旱对小麦生长发育的不利影响 ,覆膜穴播补水比覆膜穴播不补水 3年平均增产 6 90 .5kg/hm2 ,增产率为 19.5% ,差异极显著。其增产机理表现为 ,小麦水分利用率高 ,幼穗分化进程快 ,地上地下部发育好 ,光合性能及生理活性强 ,灌浆速度快 ,土壤微生物数量及酶活性提高 。

This paper studied the technique and mechanism of single contingency supplementary irrigation in film-mulching spot-sowing rain-fed winter wheat fields to reduce effect of serious drought. The 3-year experiments showed that the yield increased 690.5kg/hm 2 and the increasing rate was 19.9% with a significant difference between with a single and no contingency supplementary irrigation in film-mulched fields. The yield-improving mechanism of the technique is that it is successful to rise water utilization rate of the wheat, to accelerates the development of inflorescence and filling speed, to improve the development of the whole plant under and above the ground, to improve photosynthetic characteristic, to raise the quantity of microorganism in the soil, to improves soil water-holding ability and the activeness of enzymes.