水稻大粒品种高产生理特性及优化栽培技术的研究

PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF A HIGHER-YIELDING VARIETY OF RICE WITH LARGE GRAIN AND ITS OPTIMAL CULTIVATION TECHNIQUE

通过对大粒品种辐8-1高产株型、生理特性及优化栽培技术的研究明确,它比广陆矮4号(简称广4)具有以下特点:苗期冠层1～3全展叶平均叶开角22.6度,大6度,叶姿较散;穗期秆粗、叶挺、穗齐,中部叶层(高度为31～60cm)的透光率为27.22%,大8.9个百分点.保温育秧素质好,充实度5.1mg/cm,大4.1%;齐穗至成熟的 CGR 和 NAR 为24.34g/m^2·d 和6.83g/m^2·d,高11.5%和11.8%;籽粒容量29.14ml/千粒,大28.09%;茎、鞘物质输出率23.75%,高4.13个百分点;强弱势籽粒的异步灌浆特点明显;五元二次正交旋转设计法小区试验的产量结果,经微机模拟、选优,得出了661套(占总组成方案的21.2%)亩产500公斤以上的农艺优化措施方案,经1991年早季验证,亩产达527.1公斤,比对照增产9.52%,证明方案是可行的.

The plant type and physiological characters of Fu8-1,a newly released rice(Oryzasativa L.Subspindica)variety with large grain and better yield performance,was comparedwith that of Guangluai 4(Guang 4),the control.The results indicated that the leaf angle atthe canopy of Fu8-1 was 22.6°,slanted 6° more than the control,and its leaf postureseemed slight open at seedling stage.It was suitable for growing seedling in hotbed,the dryweight per cm of the aerial part of a seedling was 5.1 mg hevier then that of Guang4.At theheading stage,the new variety characterized with thicker culms,erect leaves and uniformpanicles,its average relative light intensity at the mid layer of canopy(31～60cm aboveground)was 27.22%,8.9percent the more than that the of control.In comparison of cropgrowth rate(CGR)and net assimilation rate(NAR)between these two varieties during fullheading to maturity.it was found that the values of Fu8-1 were up to 24.34g/m^2·d and6.83g/m^2·d respectively,11.5% and 11.8% higher than those of Guang4.The1000-grains volum of the former was 29.14 ml,much bigger than that of the latter.Thepercentage of matter exportion from-culms and sheathes of Fu8-1 was 23.75%,4.13percent higher than that of the control.It was found that there was obvious differentiationin filling speed of dominant spikelets from weak ones in Fu8-1.The port yields derivedfrom the quintuple quadratic-orthogonal-gyrating-regression design were analyzed withcomputer.From total 3 125 sets of programs 661 ones which could get yield higher than500kg/mu were suggested after simulation and optimization,Following one of theseprograms,the practical yield was 527.1kg/mu,9.5% higher than that of the control withthe traditional program,which proved these programs feasible.