从真实到象征─—中国古代血缘认同与始祖神话的历史演变

From Reality to Symbol-The Historical Evolution of Ancient China's Consanguinity Approving and Ancestor Deifying

血缘认同在民族认同中起着重要作用，对共同世系的追溯，对同源共祖的认同，一直都是民族融合的重要标志，而其典型表达方式就是关于始祖的神话传说。但是，古代民族意识中的血缘认同至少在两个方面根本不同于部族意识中的血缘认同。首先，在以血缘关系为唯一基础的氏族或部族意识中，血缘认同具有唯一的、决定性的意义；而在以地缘关系为主要基础的民族意识中，血缘认同较之于文化认同和国家认同则居于次要地位。其次，民族意识中的血缘认同大多是对真实血缘关系的观念反映，而民族意识中的血缘认同则主要是象征性的。在这里，起决定作用的是民族的历史与文化，共同世系不过是各民族共生共存的历史关系与共同创造的历史文化的象征性符号。

Consanguinity approving plays an important role in nationality approving. IT is also the key point for national fu- sion. Its typical model is ancestor denying. But there are two kind of difference in consanguinity approving between ancient nationalities and clans. The first one is that consanguinity is the only decisive factor for clans, while cultural and national approving plays more important role for ancient nationalities. The second one is that clans always takes consanguinity ap- proving as the real one, while ancient nationalities takes it as a symbol, and history and culture become the decisive fac- tors.