试论明代官吏考察制度

A Discussion on the System of the Ming Dynasty to Inspect its Officials

明代官吏考核制度在中国官吏考核制度发展史上具有很重要的地位。而官吏考察制度又是明代官吏考核制度体系中最重要的组成部分。本文从考察制度的发展演变、外官考察制度、京官考察制度、考察奖惩制度以及考察救济制度等五个方面对明代官吏考察制度进行了比较深入系统的研究，并对其中若干有争议的问题提出了自己的观点或见解。

The system of the Ming Dynasty to inspect its officials has an important place in the historical development of the system to inspect officials in China, and this officials-inspecting system is the most important component part of the whole system of the Ming Dynasty to check officials' proficiency. This article is, on the basis of believable historical materials, to make a systematic investigation into the system of the Ming Dynasty to inspect its officials in five aspects as follows: the development and change of the inspecting system; the system to inspect local officials; the system to inspect officials with posts in the capital; the inspection system with rewards and punishments; and the system to inspect and relieve officials. As to the controversial questions concerning the system, the author advances in the course of discussion their own views and opinions.