敦煌科举文书的社会功能──兼论敦煌写本中的社会史料

The Social Functions of the Civil Examination Documents in Dunhuang

我们可以把敦煌社会史料中与科举制相关的资源分为两大组。一组是直接记载了科举制度及其风俗的史料，如Ｓ．４４７３等写卷。另一组则是科举教育史料或进士文学史料，如Ｐ．２６１７号、Ｐ．２４８８号等写本。故察证明，敦煌所出的一些儒学经书实际上是科举教育用书，一些诗赋文章是启发士子准备科举考试的进士文学。我们看到，对敦煌文书在中古沙州社会中功能的探索，对于研究敦煌社会史大有裨益。

The documents concerming civil examination found in the social historical materials of Dun- huang can be divided into two groups. One is the direct historical documentation of the civil examination system and its customs, such as the manuscripts of S.4473; the other is the historical documents of civil examination education or the Jin Shi literature, such as the manuscripts of P.2617 and P.2488. Our survey proves tha some of the Confucian scriptures unearthed in Dunhuang are actually the books for civil examination education, and some of the poems and essays are the literary works, which were used as as- sistance in preparation for the civil examination. It is revealed that the research of the social functions of the Dunhuang documents in the ancient Dunhuang society is of great benefits to the study of the social history of Dunhuang.