浅论宋诗“以学问为诗”的形成过程

COMMENTS ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE IDEAL OF "LEARNING THAT IS POETRY

学问一直为历代诗人所重视,“以学问为诗”却是在宋代形成的,其源头可以追溯到唐代诗人杜甫。杜甫首先以赋笔写诗和以议论入诗,从而打破了中国诗歌传统的审美体系,开始关注诗歌中的学问典故、字词韵律。韩愈、李商隐为唐人学杜诗最有成就的两位诗人,他们的创作、诗学观直接影响了宋诗“以学问为诗”的形成。“以学问为诗”便在西昆派(以典故为诗)、欧阳修(化用古人诗句)、王安石(以史料入诗)等诗人努力下,到苏轼、黄庭坚达到成熟。特别是黄庭坚的诗学理论的提出,从而使“以学问为诗”从一种单纯的诗歌技巧上升为诗歌创作观。

Poets of generations before the Song Dynasty had attached great importance to learning. It was, however, in the Song Dynasty that the fashion of 'learning that is poetry'was formed, the source of which can be dated back to Dufu, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. Dufu began with inditing the poems interspersed with his argumentation, thus breaking with the traditional aesthetic system of the Chinese poetry and becoming the first to pay close attention to learning and literary quotations as well as the rhyme of the individual Chinese characters and phrases. Two poets that were indebted to Du and his poetry were Han Yu and Li Shangyin, whose creative works and theory of poetry had exerted a direct influence on the shaping of the ideal of 'learning that is poetry'. Enhanced by the efforts of the Xikun school, whose poetry was grounded on the literary allusions,of Ouyangxiu, who sought to improve his poetry from the ancients, and of Wang Anshi, whose poetry was composed out of the historical materials, the ideal of 'learning that is poetry' gradually culminated in maturity when it was taken over by Sushi and Huang Tingjian. The latter's contribution to this ideal particularly deserves to be mentioned . It is no exaggeration to say that, thanks to Huang Tingjian's theory on poetics, the ideal of 'learning that is poetry' ascended upward from a pure poetic technique to a theoretical height of poetry creation.