英语通用词典的定义模式和定义原则

Defining Methods and Principles of General-Purpose English Dictionaries

词义描述是通用语文词典编纂中的一项重要工作，也是工作量较大的一项系统工程。定义者为了科学、高效地做好这项工作，必须坚持一些基本的定义原则和运用一套行之有效的定义模式。概括起来，英语通用词典一般采用六种基本定义模式和六大定义原则。六种定义模式是：分析定义法、合成定义法、功能描述定义法、同义词定义法、重复词基定义法和解释性定义法。六大定义原则是：准确和简明原则、功能对等原则、泛内包原则、避难从易原则、合理性（适用性）原则和语言标准化原则。

Defining is an important, large, and systematic project of general-purpose dictionary making. High-quality definition is a decisive factor of a high-quality dictionary. In order to get every word scientifically defined, the definer needs to use some patterned defining methods and abide by some basic defining principles. After a careful exploration of the defining practice of the English general dictionaries, six methods and six principles are pointed out in the present paper. Patterned methods: analysis, synthesis, using rules , giving synonyms, base-repeating, and explanatory definition; basic principles: accuracy and concision, same-function, all-inclusion, easiness, feasibility, and standardization.