关于“自我牺牲”的道德价值辨证

On the Dialectic of Moral Value of “Giving up One’s Own Interests”

普列汉诺夫把自我牺牲作为全部道德基础的观点 ,长期影响着我国哲学、伦理学界。其实 ,追溯马克思对这一理论问题的全面阐述 ,可以看出 ,把自我牺牲作为普遍的道德要求提出 ,是生产力低下与阶级分裂对立的产物。社会越进步 ,越尊重人的价值 ,自我牺牲要求越少 ,它将成为道德选择中的特殊情形。道德建设中 ,要防止理论上的片面化与简单化。

Plekhanov’s viewpoint regarding “giving up one’s own interests” as the foundation of all morals has been having impact on the circle of philosophy——ethics for a long time in China. In this paper, the author reviews Marx's all statements of this theory and clearly proposes that “giving up one's own interests” is a common moral demand that is a result of the opposite sides between the lower productive forces and the separation of the classes. The more the society make progress and the more the people gain respect of their value, the less the demand of “giving up one's own interests” will become. This will be the particular situation in the morals' choices. We shall prevent us from one sided and simpleness of the theory in the construction of the morals.