对话与整合──《长生殿》多声话语的辨析

Dialogue and Conformity ──Discriminative Analysis of the Polyvocal Discourse in the Poem of“the Longevity Palace”

长期以来，关于《长生殿》的争议，很可能犯了一个如巴赫金所指出的错误：对作者本人的意图，每个人都有自己的解释，但所有的人都把它仅仅当作一种话语，一个声音，一种语气。这是解读“独白型”作品所惯用的思维方式。借用巴赫金的对话理论，对内涵于该剧中的三套话语──爱情话语、政治话语、宗教话语逐一分析，可见该剧对李杨故事的解读就是通过这三套话语互为主体，以平等对话的形式展示出来的。这一主题的完成，又是一个对“情”中不合理成分加以批判与整合的过程，这是情走向合理化的必要步骤。

For the prolonged dispute over the poem of 'the Longevity Palace', we might have committed the kind of mistake formerly pointed out by Bachin, that is, although each critic holds on to his own understanding of the poet's purpose of writing, all of them identify one style of discourse spoken in a single voce and tone-the common way of thinking in nit interpreting those 'monologe-typed' literary works. According to Bachin's theory of dialogue, a respective identi fication of the systems of discourse discourse -love discourse, political discourse and religious discourse underlying the poem shows that the interstation of the love story of Emperor Li Longji and Lady Yang is well exhibited with the three systems of discourse dominating the scene equally. The completion of this subject is another process of criticism and conformity of the irrational elements in 'sentiment', which marks a necessary step towards the rationality of senti metnt.