从国家的视角看村委会选举的成本与效益

The Cost-benefit Analysis of Villagers'Committee Election:the View-angle of the State

从国家的角度看 ,村民委员会选举作为“世界最大规模的民选实验”,有其不容低估的政治、经济成本与收益。其成本既包括选举过程中正常耗费的人、财、物等经济性投入 ,也包括可能出现的乡镇权威的下降 ,一些既得利益群体的干扰等政治性成本 ;其收益既包括激活农村经济社会发展 ,降低国家对农村的管理成本等经济性收益 ,也包括推动村委会成员素质的优化 ,推进党和国家民主化进程 ,促进农村民主型政治文化的形成 ,加快国家与社会关系的重构等。统而观之 ,现阶段村委会选举的收益远大于成本 ,并且随着村民自治的拓展其成本递减、收益递增。同时 ,应通过政府对村委会选举的合法引导和弹性控制减少其成本 。

From the view angle of the state,the villagers'committee election has political,economic cost and benefit which cannot be underestimated.The cost includes not only the economic input but also the political cost.While the benefit includes not only the economic ones such as the stimulation of the socioeconomic development of the countryside,but also the optimization of the quality of the mebers on the villagers'committee,the promotion of the democratic process of the party and the country,the acceleration of the formation of democratic political culture and the speeding up of the reconstruction of the relationship between state and society.In a word,the benefit of current election of the villagers'committee is much more than the cost,and with the development of the autonomy of the villagers,the cost is decreasing successively while the benefit is increasing progressively.