“思无邪”诗学模式的审美缺陷及负面效应

The Aesthetic Limitation and Negative Domino Effect of "Si wu xie" Poetics Mode

“思无邪”是孔子诗学的核心。中国诗学一开始就因为儒家政治功利之心的强行介入而染上了道德教化的理性之光 ,成为政治诗学和哲性诗学的模式 ,表现出文学处于萌芽状态时期文学批评的幼稚性。孔子的美学观念和文体意识是模糊和游移的 ,而且他竭力回避“诗言志”的说法 ,有意或无意地忽略了“诗言志”的本体性 ,把《诗》混同于其它文献 ,以文献意识评判《诗》 ,根本就没有纯然的诗学阐释意识 ,其批评的样态也必然是泛文化的意义 ,诗学没有获得文学的独立地位。这种以其“仁”道观为哲学依据的诗美标准 ,规范了其诗歌批评的极端的道德功利主义性质 ,而走离了审美本体的意义。这种诗美观对中国的文学批评产生了强劲的负面影响 ,几乎成为一切文艺批评的根本准则,并内化为中国人稳定的美感心态。

Si wu xie' is the core of Confucian poetics. From the very beginning Chinese poetics is characterized with rationalism because of the invention of Confucian political utilitarianists and takes the mode of political and philosophical poetics, which reflects the immaturity of the early literature criticism. Confucius didn't have a clear and stable aesthetic idea and style awareness. He ignored the argument for 'Shi yan zhi', neglecting its noumenal characteristics, judging poems in the same way as judging other literatures, criticizing poems from cultural point of view without any poetic elucidatory sense. The aesthetic criteria based on benevolence characterize poetic criticism with ultra utilitarianism and deviate from aesthetics itself. This aesthetic viewpoint of the poetry has brought great negative domino effect to Chinese literature criticism and become a fundamental guide line for all kinds of literature and art criticism.