李贽的妇女观及其实践

Li Zhi's Views on Women and their Enforcement

李贽主张男女平等 ,在妇女参政、妇女接受教育、夫妻关系、寡妇及妒妇等问题上 ,均提出了进步的见解。李贽还将其进步的妇女观付诸实践 ,如平等对待妻子和女儿 ,劝丧夫的儿媳改嫁 ,为寡妇打抱不平 ,招收女学生 ,对社会地位低贱的篆刻女作者一视同仁等等。但妇女的解放 ,最根本的条件乃是经济权利。囿于时代的局限 ,李贽不可能认识到这一点。因此 ,李贽的妇女观也存在明显的局限性和矛盾之处。如他对节妇、烈女的不幸遭遇深表同情 ,但同时又夸羡她们具有男子之气 ;她赞成寡妇再嫁 ,却又承认卓文君的私奔存在“小耻” ;他主张夫妇之间要平等相待 ,但又鼓吹“真有意为天下者 ,先从妻子处整顿一番如何”?李贽的妇女观及其实践 ,既反映了明代社会新与旧的斗争 。

Li Zhi advocated equality for men and women and proposed some progressive ideas on the equal opportunity for women to participate in politics and receive education, relationship between husband and wife, widows and jealous wives. More importantly, he put these progressive views to practice. Yet Li Zhi could never possibly realize that the prerequisite for women liberation is the secure of their economic status, hence there involved some limitations and contradictions in his concept of women. His outlook of women and practice embodied the conflict between the old and the new ideas in the Ming Dynasty and demonstrated the dilemma in which the new ideas were fettered by the old ones.