国企改革制度需求差异与内生性需求的培养路径

The System Demand Differences in the SOE Reformand Ways of Fostering the Endogenous Demand

由于制度需求主体多重性、制度收益的不确定性程度差异及制度变迁的机会成本不同,因而导致国企改革制度需求的程度不同。总体上说,政府制度需求较强,而企业和职工较弱。厂长经理像职工一样对制度需求经历由强到弱的过程;而政府对制度供给的愿望和对预期制度的需求都较旺盛,而且其程度由下至上逐步增强。政府制度需求的方向与预期制度安排的方向一致,而企业与职工制度需求的方向则与预期制度安排的方向相反。要克服这些矛盾问题,顺利推进国企改革,就必须重视内生制度需求培养;给企业和职工的制度需求一定时空,使其由改革对象转变为改革主体;合理分摊制度变迁成本,降低内生制度需求的机会成本;提高职工潜在的制度收益。

BecauseofthediversificationofsubjectsdemandforthesystemtheuncertaintyofthereturnsandthedifferentopportunitycoststhatmaybebroughtaboutbythechangeofsystemsthedemandforsystemsintheSOEreformdiffersinvarieddegree.Generallyspeakingthegovernment'sdemandforsystemsisstrongerthanthatoftheenterprisesandemployees.Liketheemployeesthemanagers'demandforsystemshasundergoneachangefromstrongtoweakwhilethegovernment'sdemandforsystemskeepsstrongandevenshowsanupwardtendency.Furthermorethegovernment'sdemandisalwaysinagreementwiththeexpectantsystemarrangementwhilereverseisthedemandoftheenterprisesandemployees.InordertosolvecontradictionsandsmoothlycarryforwardtheSOEreformweshouldpayattentiontothefosteringoftheendogenousdemandi.e.theenterprisesandemployeesshouldbegivencertainrightstolaydowntheirownsystemssothattheycouldchangetheirrolesfromtheobjectsofthereformtothesubjects.Inthemeanwhilethecostbroughtaboutbythechangeofsystemsshouldbereasonablydistributedsoastoreducetheopportunitycostoftheendogenousdemandandimprovethepotentialreturnsofthesystems.