中国经济的增长和贫困的减少——1990-1999年的趋势研究

China's Growth and Poverty Reduction: Recent Trends between 1990 and 1999

本文考察了中国 1990年以来的贫困和分配不均问题 ,并对贫困的减少进行了分析以显示经济增长的最大受益者。我们发现 :(1) 1990年代以来各种贫困线下的贫困人口都大量减少 ;(2 )经济增长显著促进了贫困率的下降 ,而同时不断增长的分配不均又使贫困率上升 ;(3)穷人在经济增长中的获益少于富人 ;(4 )我们检验了人力资本、经济增长和贫困的关系 ,发现在人力资本储备上存在着严重的地区不均衡 。

This paper investigates the recent trends in poverty and inequality since the 1990s,and analyzes poverty reduction to see who has benefited most from China's economic growth.We find that first,by several measures poverty has declined significantly across a wide range of poverty lines during the 1990s.Second,economic growth contributed significantly to poverty reduction,while a rising inequality has increased poverty.Third,the poor benefited much less than the rich form the economic growth.Finally ,we examine the relationship between human capital,growth and poverty,and find there is a huge regional disparity in human capital stock,and the distribution of education is becoming increasingly skewed.