肘关节各结构的动脉供应及血管构筑

THE ARTERIAL SUPPLY AND THE VASCULAR ARCHITECTURE OF HUMAN ELBOW

用胎儿、新生儿20侧和成人尸体8侧上肢,动脉注射明胶墨汁后,用大体解剖法、透明法、显微解剖法,观察肘关节的动脉供应和血管构筑。动脉在关节周围和关节囊表面吻合成网,并发出分支进入关节囊纤维层,形成梯形血管网;在关节囊附着部纤维层与滑膜层间吻合,形成关节血管环,由血管环发出分支供应滑膜、滑膜皱襞和脂肪垫、骺或骺部的软骨,其分布形态因结构不同而异。关节囊滑膜内有2～4层平行的血管网;滑膜皱襞和脂肪垫内血管吻合成团;复盖骨表面的滑膜内有多级弓状环形血管网。血管网末端发出毛细血管襻伸到滑膜关节腔面下。在胎儿、新生儿,肘关节骺部软骨内有大量软骨管,管内有中央动脉及笼状毛细血管网,次级骨化中心出现在软骨管密集、血液供应丰富的部位。骺板骨化前,干骺端动脉和滋养动脉在骺板骨干侧吻合成襻,与骺内血管无吻合交通。

After the arteries were injected with gelatin and ink, the arterial distribution and the vascular architecture of the elbow joint were observed in 20 fetal and 8 adult arms macroscopically and microscopically. The arteries of the elbow anastomose to form networks around the joint, from which many twigs supply the capusle and the intra-articular structures. In the capusle, the vessels make up a ladder-like mesh among the fibrous bundles. At the margin of the capusle, the vessels ramify to form a complex network, the circulus articuli vasculosus, between the fibrous and the synovial layers. The vessels from the circulus articuli vasculosus supply the synovial membrane, the synovial fold or the fat pad and the epiphysis or the epiphyseal cartilage. There are 2 to 4 layers of mesh in the synovial membrane of capusle, a glomerulus-like network in the synovial fold or the fat pad, many series of bow-shaped net in the synovial membrane on the surface of the neck of elbow bone. There is a central artery and a cage-like capillary network in the cartilage canal. The secondary center of ossification appears in the vascularized area of the cartilage. No intra-osseous intercommunications of the epiphyseal artery and nutritive artery exist in the epiphysis until the ossification of the epiphyseal plate.