社会的复杂性:社会学家的视野

On the Complexity of Society form the Viewpoint of Sociologist

社会过程的复杂性源于社会交往中人类个体意识的随意性、模糊性和封闭性以及由此产生的交往过程的“双重偶然性”。用来降低社会交往复杂性的各种技术或机制的发明是社会秩序得以形成和维持的重要基础。社会结构从较低级复杂性向较高级复杂性的进化 ,很大程度上以社会交往复杂性简化技术的不断进化为前提。复杂性简化技术及社会秩序的进化不完全是一个自发的渐进过程 ,而是自发与自为两种社会运动的共同结果。

The complexity of the society originates from the contingency,ambiguousness and impenetrability of human consciousness and from the 'double contingency'in the communication.Various technologies that can be used to reduce the complex of society are the basis of social order.The evolution of social structure also takes the evolution of those technologies as a prerequisite.The evolution of those technologies and social order is not simply a spontaneous course but a joint product of two movements--spontaneous movement and reflexive movement.