河南开封土壤养分变化特征及其持续利用途径研究

Temporal and Spatial Changing Characteristics and Sustainable Utilization of Soil Nutrients in Kaifeng of Henan Province

通过 1 984～ 1 998年河南开封不同土壤耕层有机质与氮磷钾养分分析 ,论述了不同农业利用方式和农田管理措施下不同土壤耕层养分的时空变化特征和硝态氮累积特性 .由于“重氮磷 ,轻有机肥 ,忽视钾素补给” ,土壤养分变化的总趋势以下降 ,钾素耗竭性明显 .土壤养分空间变化较为复杂 ,但不同土壤间耕层养分为普通淡色潮湿雏形土 >底锈干润雏形土 >石灰淡色潮湿雏形土 >灌淤旱耕人为土 >简育干润雏形土 >干润砂质新成土 .硝态氮累积表现为由上至下递减或由上至下递增和相对积累于土体某一深度 .最后研究提出了土壤持续利用的有效技术途径 .

After the analyses of topsoil organic matter and nutrients from 1986-1998, the temporal characteristics and changes of the topsoil nutrients in different types of soils were stated. And then the spatial nature of the topsoil nutrients and the attributes of NO 3 - -N distribution in the soil body were revealed. The common tendency of the soil nutrients changes is mainly retrograde because of 'emphasizing nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer, neglecting organic manure, and without complementing potassium'. Especially, the volume of available potassium is getting smaller and smaller. The spatial characteristics of the soil nutrients changes is in the order: Mol-Aquic Cambisols>Mol-Ustic Cambisols>Och-Aquic Cambisols>Sil-Orthic Anthrosols>Hap-Ustic Cambisols>Car-Sandic Entisols. The feature of NO 3 --N accumulation in the soil body shows:(1)getting less and less from upper to bottom ,(2) getting more and more from upper to bottom ,(3)accumulating in the middle of soil body , (4)being higher in the upper and the bottom . At last, some technological methods for soil sustainable utilization were proposed.