中小型企业软件过程改善方法研究

Software Process Improvement in Small & Medium

软件过程改善是各个企业建立适合自身软件生产线和促进软件工业化生产的必由之路。软件过程理论和技术的研究与应用始终存在一定的差距,在国内外成功应用并受益于这些软件经验与技术的企业多数是国防企业和大型的商业企业,中小型企业具有不同于大型企业的企业特征,这些特征有些有利于软件工程技术的应用与实施,而有些又限制了软件工程技术的应用与实施。软件过程改善的关键是量体裁衣,以理论和模型为指导,充分结合企业特征,进行适合企业特色的软件过程改善。该文在分析中小型软件企业的企业文化、企业规模、软件生产的创新能力、动态变化能力、技术革新能力等特征的基础上,提出在对中小型软件企业进行过程改善时应突出几个方面,一是过程改善应充分利用开发组的丰富创造能力为解决过程改善问题提出方案,在确立过程改善目标时应尽可能多地涉及各种层次的项目组人员,同时采取划分过程改善任务单元的方法,不破坏软件开发过程的连续性;二是过程改善得到的结果应不限制团体的创造性,对过程改善结果的应用应针对具体项目相关的问题,而非建立一般性的软件过程规范。三是过程改善是应着重企业关心的目标,不一定完全依从CMM。在进行过程改善时,应实施“项目分析”关键子域,“项目分析”是以过程度量为核心的,分析?

SPI(Software Process Improvement)is the pathway for a corporation to create it's software production lines and for a county to accelerate the industrialized software production.But there are gaps between theories and applications of software process and engineering.Only some large corporations and some national defense enterprises get benefit from the new software theories and practices.The medium and small corporations have so many different characters from the large ones that they must get more efficiency to use their limited resource to improve the software process.This article centralizes the solutions about the software process improvement technology and practice for small and medium corporations.Based on the marked characters of these corporations - Inherited enterprise culture、Size & Scope、Creativity、Dynamic changeable ability,the article stresses three points about the improvement strategy.The first one is that the SPI tasks are divided to keep the project development process and SPI parallel and to get more personnel involved in the SPI activities.The second,should pay more attention to the software process of certain projects to get the standoff between creativity of develop groups,restricted by criterion of software process.Thirdly,there must be clear objectives to improve process and the objectives must be evaluated in the evolving process.And the objectives do not always comply to CMM.Also,the“completed project analysis”is the very important practice for small and medium corporations and must be executed in the evolving process.At last,an example illustrates the software process improvement strategy.The example is the SQEE(software quality engineering environment)project commenced by SEI(software engineering institute)of BUAA(Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics).